How thermal imaging cameras work

A thermal imaging camera, especially an infrared camera, is a device that works using infrared thermography. The following is a detailed explanation of how 

a thermal imaging camera works:

I. Principle of operation

Infrared radiation reception:

All objects above zero (-273°C) emit infrared radiation. The thermal imaging camera receives a graphical representation of the energy distribution of the infrared 

radiation of the target under test through its built-in infrared detector and optical imaging objective.

This infrared radiation energy is reflected in the photosensitive element of the infrared detector and converted into an electrical signal.

Signal processing and imaging:

The received electrical signals are processed by the processing electronics for signal amplification, filtering and analogue-to-digital conversion.

The processed signals are converted into digital images that reflect the temperature distribution of the target being measured.

Through the display of the thermal imaging camera, the operator can visualise the thermal image of the target under test, where different colours represent different 

temperatures.

II. Key Components

Lens:

The lens is responsible for gathering infrared energy to the sensor. Its selection and configuration have a significant impact on the image quality, field of view and 

observation distance of the thermal imaging camera.

Thermal Sensor:

The thermal sensor is the core component of the camera and is responsible for converting the received infrared radiation energy into an electrical signal. The resolution

 of the sensor determines the image clarity of the camera.

Processing electronics:

The processing electronics are responsible for the amplification, filtering and analogue-to-digital conversion of the electrical signals from the sensor to produce a visual

 thermal image.

Mechanical housing:

The mechanical housing protects the internal components of the camera and provides the necessary interfaces and buttons for the operat